Which sentence does not use an adverb clause as a modifier?
a) the dog under the bed whined while the garbage trucks drove by.
b) without a clear goal , it is very difficult to make an effective plan.
c) no one was sure where helen was until she finally called the office back.
d) fitz lost his parking privileges when he came to school late five days in a row.

The answer to your question would be that the sentence that does not use an adverb clause as a modifier is the following one: Without a clear goal, it is very difficult to make an effective plan. That is, the correct option would be B.

An adverb clause is a group of words that functions as an adverb in a sentence. As a clause, adverb clauses have a subject and a verb. On the contrary, phrases do not have a subject and a verb. Sentence B does not contain an adverb clause but a prepositional phrase as a modifier ("without a clear goal").

(d) alice notices that the glass is melting away. because that aint real

i go to the store and buy some cheese,suddenly there was akward silence.   out of no where comes a ninja, and he takes an apple, and chokes the cashier, until he passes out.   the disapeared in a puff of smoke.   the cashier went to the doctor, and everything was fine again.   they all lived happily ever after without anymore ninjas.

the end

go to buy cheese= exposition

akaward silence= rising action

ninja chokes the cashier= climax

cashier goes to the doctor= falling action

they live happily ever after= resolution