The epigraph to start chapter 11 is referring to the Russian Revolution of 1917. How does it relate to the Russian Revolution? How does it relate to Chris McCandless

every person should make it a priority to serve at least two hours per week.

it's an extremely important civic responsibility that is invaluable to citizens most in need is the correct one

"urban sprawl, the spreading of large developments of housing and shopping areas around a city’s center, has many negative cultural and environmental effects. " (from your link)

so, your answer is: it has a negative effect on the environment, otherwise known as c~hope this mate.