A line of reasoning that presents the oppisite side of the author's argument is called a​

A line of reasoning that presents the opposite side of the author's argument is called a counterclaim.

Explanation:

When we write an argumentative essay, the opinion we express is our claim or argument. We should explain why we have that opinion and defend it. What we defend it against are the counterclaims. A counterclaim is an idea or argument that is opposite to the claim.

For instance, imagine you are writing an essay claiming that a park should be built in your neighborhood. A possible counterclaim to that is the fact that parks may be dangerous at night, because people can use it to do or sell drugs. See how the counterclaim defends the opposite idea (that a park should not be built)?

With that in mind, we can complete the sentence as follows:

A line of reasoning that presents the opposite side of the author' argument is called a counterclaim.

in ray bradbury's short story "a sound of thunder", mr. eckels's fearfulness leads to drastic consequences for the rest of the world.

in the story, mr. eckels, who is a hunter, hires a time travel company to travel to the age of dinosaurs. although he is excited for the hunting expedition at the beginning, when they reach there and mr. eckels sees the tyrannosaurus, he feels frightened. as he is afraid of the tyrannosaurus, he steps off the path although he has been warned not to do it. by stepping off the path, the entire course of the future is affected: mr. eckart alters the future by stepping on a butterfly, which causes a new man to be elected president in the future. in that way, it is mr. eckart's fearfulness what triggers 'the butterfly effect' and what leads to drastic consequences for the rest of the world.

the mending wall was written by robert frost