In his short essay, "Mars: The Final Frontier," Kent Nebergall, with the Chicago Society for Space Studies, uses hard scientific data and clearly argued logic. Nebergall drives home his points economically but eloquently. Read the introduction carefully. Which sentence improves this introduction?

The options are:

a). Nebergall is an armchair Mars enthusiast with a career as a business analyst.

b). Nebergall argues convincingly that Mars is the last, best hope for the survival of humanity.

c). I think that Nebergall is a brilliant scientist who needs to be recognized.

d). Nebergall avoids using pathos in his essay.

b). Nebergall argues convincingly that Mars is the last, best hope for the survival of humanity.

Explanation:

The introduction of any literary work primarily aims to clarify the topic to the readers, state its importance, thesis, grab readers' interest and attention, and highlight the key focus that the author will throw light upon.

In the given essay, the second option most adequately enhances the introduction as it clearly states the key argument of the author that how credibly 'Mars is the last yet most effective alternate for human survival.' This would not only inform the readers about the author's viewpoint but also capture their interest. The description of the use of the data establishes the logical validity of the claim and supports the author's claim. Thus, option b is the correct answer.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

the answer should be a)directions.