What’s the answer on this test?

It would be the second one; the one starting with Yet, when this cherished...

Explanation:

It shows what the character feels and thinks about the situation

the answer is emerged from.

orpheus descended to hades, the world of the death to rescue eurydice. no mortal had ever done this before him, he survived because he was protected by the gods. the word "underworld" gives us a clue, he emerged from it like a whale emerges form sea for exemple.

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).