In approaching this problem, we cannot turn the clock back to 1868, when the Amendment
was adopted, or even to 1896, when Plessy v.
Ferguson was written. We must consider
public education in the light of its full
development and its present place in
American life throughout the Nation. Only in
this way can it be determined if segregation
in public schools deprives these plaintiffs of
the equal protection of the laws.
-Brown v. Board of Education,
Chief Justice Earl Warren
Why did the court choose not to turn the clock
back to 1868" when considering the issue of
segregation in public schools?
The court disagreed with the Plessy v.
Ferguson decision.
The court wanted to repeal the Fourteenth
Amendment
The court recognized the value of an
education to a child's success.
The court determined that past plaintiffs had
not been deprived of equal protection
DONE

Read the excerpt from act 1 of a doll's house. helmer: nora! [goes up to her and takes her playfully by the ear.] the same little featherhead! suppose, now, that i borrowed fifty pounds today, and you spent it all in the christmas week, and then on new year's eve a slate fell on my head and killed me, and— nora: [putting her hands over his mouth]. oh! don't say such horrid things. helmer: still, suppose that happened, —what then? nora: if that were to happen, i don't suppose i should care whether i owed money or not. helmer: yes, but what about the people who had lent it? nora: they? who would bother about them? i should not know who they were. helmer: that is like a woman! but seriously, nora, you know what i think about that. no debt, no borrowing. there can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt. we two have kept bravely on the straight road so far, and we will go on the same way for the short time longer that there need be any struggle. nora: [moving towards the stove]. as you , torvald. how does the interaction between helmer and nora advance the plot? nora realizes that helmer will completely disapprove of her having borrowed money, so she has to continue to keep it a secret from him. nora realizes that she and helmer have the same ideas about financial issues, and the conversation brings them closer together later in the play. helmer realizes that nora is more responsible with money than he originally thought, and he trusts her more with finances later in the play. nora realizes that helmer knows a lot more about borrowing and lending, and she will seek his input later when she needs it.