How does the narrative technique of characterization support the author’s purpose in this excerpt? It shows how difficult travel has been for Enrique.
It illustrates the one thing that Enrique is afraid of.
It explains why Enrique does not want to be part of a gang.
It demonstrates that Enrique takes drastic measures to survive.

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It demonstrates that Enrique takes drastic measures to survive.

Explanation:

Sonia Nazario's "Enrique's Journey" follows a young boy named Enrique who's traveling to the United States in search of his mother. The story follows the difficult journey of the young boy and the obstacles that posed problems for him.

In the given excerpt from the story, the narrator reveals how Enrique ensured he stays safe during the whole trip. His behavior "every time someone new jumps onto his car" shows his anxious state. Moreover, when he decided to "climb to the top of the tank car and take a running leap . . . jump[ing] to one swaying boxcar, then to another" shows the extreme steps that he took to ensure he survives the journey.

Thus, the correct answer is the fourth option.  

once upon a midnight dreary, while i pondered, weak and weary,

explanation:

i have heard the mermaids singing, each to each.

i do not think they will sing to me