When first encountering a scientific publication, what
should you do? Explain

In all cases, start by reading the abstract; read it to make sure the paper is what you were looking for and is worth your time and effort. If the abstract indicates the paper is of interest to you, move on to the introduction.

answer: "the beating heart symbolizes the narrator's conscience, or his sense of guilt and wrongdoing" so its b

explanation:

"to look at him, or hear him describe it, he had no guilt. however, poe decided to symbolize this man's subconscious guilt through the heartbeat."

- "about the claims : -

making a claim is just a fancy way of saying that you're stating your main point.' claims are not just opinions. a claim tells what you think is true about a topic based on your knowledge .

about the country claims : -

a counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence. not just, 'because i said so.' when you're planning an argument, you need to know what the counterclaim might be so that you can make sure that you disprove it with your reasons and evidence your research." - (catherineroberts)