On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union sent Sputnik 1 into space and a new age in history began - The Space Age. The Soviets launched more Sputnik satellites in the fifties and by 1961 they had put the first man (1) space. Eight years later, an American finally walked (2) the moon and during the early seventies the US led the Soviet Union in the space race. (3), space travel was expensive and they needed to co-operate more. As a result, in 1975 astronauts from both countries flew two (4) and met in space. Afterwards, one astronaut said that the mission showed that the Soviet Union and America could work together.
Nearly two decades later, leaders from both countries said they (5) on plans for a new international space station (ISS) and by the turn of the century the ISS had started (6)the Earth. Nowadays, the ISS (7)by scientists from all over the world.
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, businessman Dennis Tito paid twenty million dollars and told the world he loved space as he spent eight days on the ISS. Since then, space (8)has developed with plans for regular tours and floating hotels.
And what about the next half a century? In 2009, a Russian Space Chief (9)Russia was planning a nuclear spaceship for Mars. In 2010, the US president Barack Obama told an audience that by the mid-2030s the US (10) humans to Mars. The race for Mars has already started.
(1) A. at B. into C. from D. toward
(2) A. in B. into C. on D. at
(3) A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Yet
(4) A. spaceman B. spaceflight C. spacecrafts D. spacecraft
(5) A. agreed B. is agreed C. had agreed D. would agree
(6) A. rotate B. orbiting C. orbit D. rotating
(7) A. was used B. is used C. used D. had used
(8) A. tourism B. tourist C. tour guide D. touristy
(9) A. tell B. told C. said D. say
(10) A. had been sent B. will send C. had sent D. would send

it was surely an odd creature that one made up by reading the historians first and the poets afterwards a worm winged like an eagle; the spirit of life and elegance and charm,   in a kitchen chopping up suet. but these creatures, monst'r however entertaining to the imagination, hast no existence in fact. what one might doth to bringeth h'r to life wast to bethink poetically and prosaically at one and the same moment,   thus keeping in toucheth with fact—that the lady is mrs martin, ag'd thirty-six, did dress in blue, wearing a black coxcomb and brown shoeth; but not losing sight of fiction eith'r—that the lady is a vessel in which all s'rts of spirits and f'rces art coursing and flashing p'rpetually. the moment, howev'r, yond one tries this method with the elizabethan mistress, one brancheth of illumination fails; one is did hold up by the scarcity of facts.   one knoweth nothing detailed, nothing p'rfectly true and substantial about h'r.   hist'ry scarcely mentions h'r.   and i did turn to professeth'r trevelyan again to seeth what hist'ry meanteth to that gent.   i hath found by looking at his chapt'r headings yond t meanteth.

answer is b "guaranteed the safety of any merchant"

just took the test!

1. the relationship between a pronoun and its antecedent- reference

reference refers to the relationship between mainly pronoun and another unit of grammar- noun phrase or noun.

2. a singular noun naming a collection or group- collective noun.

collective noun refers to the kind of noun which refer to the name of people, thing or anything in collective. for instance bundle of sticks, herein 'bundle' is collective noun.  

3. a modifying clause whose subject and/or verb is implied- elliptical clause

it is a clause in which words are being left out. on the other hand, the missing word is understood due to the logic or pattern of the sentence.  

4. two or more nouns and/or pronouns serving the same grammatical function and followed by a pronoun that references one or all nouns- compound antecedent

compound antecedent refers to which is made up of two or more words which are joined by 'or' or 'and.'

5. an adjective clause introduced by a pronoun- relative clause.

relative clauses are the clauses which begin with the relative pronouns such as when, where, which, that or who. the noun that precedes, relative pronouns identify or define that noun.  

6. the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers- antecedent.

antecedents refers to the phrases, clauses or words which are replaced with one of the third personal pronouns.