How does a reader make an inference about a character

Hamlet: ] it will but skin and film the ulcerous place, whiles rank corruption, mining all within, infects unseen. confess yourself to heaven; repent what’s past; avoid what is to come; and do not spread the compost on the weeds to make them ranker. —hamlet, william shakespeare what is the central motif in the passage? the passage of time madness disease and decay gardening

Which excerpt from rudyard kipling’s the white man’s burden conveys

In marigolds, which character can be described as having a laugh so loud that the great oak seemed to laugh with it?