How does "To My Mother" by George Baker refer to today's human society and nature?

What language device is used in the highlighted text?

Which passage from the story best shows the author's use of surprise to advance the story? a. i'd have gone up to the boss and told him just what i think, tell him everything i would, let him know just what i feel b. "oh, god", he thought, "what a strenuous career it is that i've chosen! travelling day in and day out." c. and he looked over at the alarm clock, ticking on the chest of drawers. "god in heaven! " he thought. it was half past six and the hands were quietly moving forwards, it was even later than half past, more like quarter to seven. d. one morning, when gregor samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible vermin. submit

Pls needs hypehen or no hyphen 1. after serving as principal for ten years,mr. jones will resign this year 2. it's sixty seven degrees outside and it's only february!