How is happiness portrayed in advertisements? Be specific about the kinds of happiness that ads typically appeal to, or put on display. And talk about what these ads seem to be saying is the secret to this kind of happiness. From Killing us softly 4.

Visual metaphors are one of the most persuasive techniques to use in advertising (Jeong, 2008). ... Happiness is clearly an emotion which is portrayed in many advertisements to gain the attention of consumers. Most brands try to portray the idea that their product will make their consumers experience certain emotions.

Explanation:

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).

c. nature verses humanity is correct