Barriers to Wind The shape of the land can influence climate. Mountain ranges may block even the strongest winds. This can increase or decrease the amount of precipitation that falls on areas next to the mountains.

When moisture-filled winds (orange arrows) hit the windward side, or wind-facing side, of mountains, rain, or snowfalls. This is because as the air is forced to rise, it cools and releases moisture. By the time the winds reach the opposite side of the mountains, most or all of their moisture has been lost. As a result, the downwind, or leeward, side of mountains is usually dry and cool.