Read the excerpt below and answer the question. The child is not dead
not at Langa nor at Nyanga
not at Orlando nor at Sharpeville
nor at the police station at Philippi
where he lies with a bullet through his brain.

Which statement best explains the effect of the poet’s use of specific cities in this excerpt from Ingrid Jonker’s “The child is not dead”?

1. The city names are used in order to give the poem a more concrete sense of time and place.
2. The cities the author mentions are the cites of injustices and incite anger in the mind of the reader.
3. The cities are all the names of places where people died, so it makes the title of the poem ironic.
4. The poet includes the city names in order to foreshadow that these places will be attacked.