II. Read the following passages and make notes on the same. Give an appropriate title for the passage and use abbreviations while making notes. 4 Marks
Hummingbirds are the smallest birds in the world. They are extremely tiny birds weighing, roughly two to twenty grams. A hummingbird is a small bird with a long, slender bill. Many hummingbirds have brightly colored, glittery feathers. Often the males are more colorful than the females. The birds are named for the humming sound made by the rapid beating of their wings. There are about 320 kinds of hummingbirds. Hummingbirds live only in the Americas. Most of them live in the warmer parts of South America. About 12 kinds are found regularly in the United States and Canada.
All hummingbirds are small, and many are tiny. The largest of these birds is only about 8 inches (20 centimeters) long. It is called the giant hummingbird. The bee hummingbird is slightly longer than 2 inches (5 centimeters). It is the smallest living bird of any kind. Hummingbirds have long wings and muscular bodies. They can fly forward, sideways, straight up or down, and even backward. Hummingbirds also hover, or hang in one place while beating their wings. Some small hummingbirds beat their wings 80 times per second.
Hummingbirds have very high metabolisms and need to feed about every fifteen minutes. They must consume enormous amounts of nutrition each day for energy. They feed mainly on nectar, a sweet liquid made by flowers. The bird hovers in front of the flower and reaches inside with its long, curved bill. Hummingbirds drink nectar at the rate of about 3 to 13 licks per second. Grains of pollen often stick to hummingbirds while they are feeding. They carry the pollen from flower to flower. This helps the plant to reproduce.

answer: role of women in family

explanation:

women are the pioneers of nation. indian culture attaches great importance to women, comprising half of world’s population. according to a report of secretary general of united nations, women constitute 50% of human resources, the greatest human resource next only to man having great potentiality.

women are the key to sustainable development and quality of life in the family. the varieties of role the women assume in the family are those of wife, leader, administrator, manager of family income and last but not the least important the mother.

1. as a wife

woman is man’s , partner and comrade. she sacrifices her personal pleasure and ambitions, sets standard of morality, relieves stress and strain, tension of husband, maintains peace and order in the household. thereby she creates necessary environment for her male partner to think more about the economic upliftment of family. she is the source of inspiration to man for high endeavour and worth achievements in life.

she stands by him in all the crises as well as she shares with him all successes and attainments. she is the person to whom he turns for love, sympathy, understanding, comfort and recognition. she is the symbol of purity, faithfulness and submission and devotion to her husband.

2. as an administrator and leader of the household:

a well-ordered disciplined household is essential to normal family life. the woman in the family assumes this function. she is the chief executive of an enterprise. she assigns duties among family members according to their interest and abilities and provides resources in-term of equipment and materials to accomplish the job.

she plays a key role in the preparation and serving of meals, selection and care of clothing, laundering, furnishing and maintenance of the house. as an administrator, she organizes various social functions in the family for social development. she also acts as a director of recreation. she plans various recreational activities to meet the needs of young and old members of the family.

3. as a manager of family income:

woman acts as the humble manager of the family income. it is her responsibility to secure maximum return from every pye spent. she always prefers to prepare a surplus budget instead of a deficit budget. she is very calculating loss and gain while spending money. she distributes judiciously the income on different heads such as necessities, comforts and luxuries. the woman in the family also contributes to the family income through her own earning within or outside the home. she has positive contribution to the family income by the work. she herself performs in the home and uses waste products for productive purposes.

4. as a mother:

the whole burden of child bearing and greater part of child rearing task are carried out by the woman in the family. she is primarily responsible for the child’s habit of self-control, orderliness, industriousness, theft or honesty. her contacts with the child during the most formative period of his development sets up his behaviour pattern. she is thus responsible for the maintenance of utmost discipline in the family.

she is the first teacher of the child. she transmits social heritage to the child. it is from mother that the child learns the laws of the race, the manner of men, moral code and ideals. the mother, because of her intimate and sustained contact with the child, she is able to discover and nurture child’s special traits aptitudes and attitudes which subsequently play a key role in the shaping of his personality.

as a mother she is the family health officer. she is very much concerned about the physical wellbeing of every member of the family, the infant, the sickly child, the adolescent youth, senescent parent. she organizes the home and its activities in such a way so that each member of the family has proper food, adequate sleep and sufficient recreation. she made the home a place of quite comfortable and appropriate setting for the children through her talent. besides, she cultivates taste in interior design and arrangement, so that the home becomes an inviting, restful and cheerful place.

the mother is the central personality of the home and the family circle. all the members turn to her for sympathy, understanding and recognition. woman devotes her time, labour and thought for the welfare of the members of the family. for the unity of interacting personalities, man provides the temple woman provides the ceremonies and the atmosphere.

done

for me this my answer o fortunately, they did not notice, and i could pretend not to care.​   i hope this you