Each of these excerpts is from a different introduction. which excerpt establishes a claim? think about the last time you had to take a standardized test. many students take several standardized tests throughout their school careers. do you think your education is as good as the education of students in other countries? recent statistics show that several countries are falling behind. you may have heard about recent cuts in arts education funding. yet the arts are crucial to develop problem-solving, innovation, and creativity. do you know anyone who has cheated on an exam? a recent poll showed that most students know someone who has cheated or have cheated themselves.