In antigone, haemon emerges as a defender of the citizens' cause in the face of his father’s tyranny. which lines in this excerpt from the play reflect haemon’s respect for the theban citizens’ opinions? haemon: and, as thy son, it falls to me to mark the acts, the words, the comments of the crowd. the commons stand in terror of thy frown, and dare not utter aught that might offend, but i can overhear their muttered plaints, know how the people mourn this maiden doomed for noblest deeds to die the worst of deaths. o father, nothing is by me more prized than thy well-being, for what higher good can children covet than their sire's fair fame, as fathers too take pride in glorious sons? for whoso thinks that wisdom dwells with him, that he alone can speak or think aright, such oracles are empty breath when tried. see how the trees beside a stream in flood save, if they yield to force, each spray unharmed, but by resisting perish root and branch. the mariner who keeps his mainsheet taut, and will not slacken in the gale, is like to sail with thwarts reversed, keel uppermost. relent then and repent thee of thy wrath; for, if one young in years may claim some sense, i'll say 'tis best of all to be endowed with absolute wisdom; but, if that's denied, (and nature takes not readily that ply) next wise is he who lists to sage advice.

what: when quoting a source, use the author’s words verbatim, or word-for-word. this means you shouldn’t change any grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc. put quotations around the words to tell your reader where the quote begins and where it ends.

you also need to acknowledge the author. for example, if using mla format for your research paper, you should have in-text citations with the author’s name and page number listed at the end of each quote.

when: use quotations to provide concrete examples to support your claims. using direct quotations is a great way to build your credibility on the subject. it’s also a good idea to quote your source when the author states things in a powerful way. if you think he or she said it best, then use the exact words to share the ideas.

example: in the short story “a jury of her peers”, mrs. hale compares mrs. wright to her caged bird, saying “she—come to think of it, she was kind of like a bird herself. real sweet and pretty, but kind of timid and—fluttery. how—she—did—change” (glaspell).

paraphrasing

what: paraphrasing differs from quoting because you restate the passage in your own words. since you don’t use the author’s words, you don’t need to use quotation marks. however, you still need to acknowledge the author for his or her ideas.

when paraphrasing a text, you should communicate the full meaning of the text; don’t change the meaning. it can be a condensed version of the text, or it could end up being longer than the source it’s paraphrasing.

when: you use paraphrasing when you take notes, or explain a chart or diagram to someone. paraphrasing highlight the important parts of a larger text. it also allows you to simplify the ideas for your readers.

example:

original: “it was no ordinary thing that called her away–it was probably further from ordinary than anything that had ever happened in dickson county. but what her eye took in was that her kitchen was in no shape for leaving: her bread all ready for mixing, half the flour sifted and half unsifted” (glaspell).

paraphrase: as mrs. hales walks around mrs. wright’s home, she notices that the kitchen is in disarray as if she was in the middle of baking bread (glaspell).