Identify the gerunds and participles in the following sentences.
1. walking on grass is forbidden.

2. she is fond of listening to old film songs.
3. i prefer reading to watching television.
4. he saw an airplane flying up in the air.

Which statement best describes the use of the underlined word in the excerpts? in excerpt 1, it refers to personal growth, while in excerpt 2, it suggests the physical act of moving. in excerpt 1, it refers to personal growth, while in excerpt 2, it suggests scientific discoveries. in excerpt 1, it refers to societal advancement, while in excerpt 2, it suggests the gradual march of time. in excerpt 1, it refers to societal advancement, while in excerpt 2, it suggests steps toward a particular goal.