To my comrades who fell in the white warfare of the south and on the red fields of france and flanders. the text about france refers to world war i, where some crew members later died in combat after returning from the endurance expedition. consider the information from the chapter you read. how does the dedication influence your understanding of this memoir purpose?

The dedication: "To my comrades who fell in the white warfare of the south and on the red fields of France and Flanders" should alert the reader that the author is someone who lost friends and comrades in battle. The "red fields of France and Flanders" refers to the blood spilled in those places...specifically the blood of his friends.

When reading the memoir, then, a reader should remember the deep connection the author feels toward his fallen friends. Understanding the memoir in human terms should help the reader to relate to the author's feelings about the war itself, his experiences, his loss, and the experiences of other soldiers in other wars.