What is the reasoning used to reach a decision based on a set of assumptions, or it may be defined as the science of reasoning, proof, thinking, or inference?

The adventures of tom sawyer, chapter 6 (excerpt) what does tom do to get sid’s attention? a) tom lies in bed as he tries to think of an excuse to miss school b) tom knocks a book on the floor to wake sid up c) tom tells sid that he is suffering from an infected toe and a loose tooth d) tom groans and says, “ when i’m gone…”, so sid will call for aunt polly’s how does sid react to tom as he pretends to die? a) so it becomes anxious and asks if tom is dying b) sid knows tom is faking but joins in with tom’s game c) sid takes tom seriously and makes a list of tom’s valuables d) sid knows tom is a lying and immediately runs to tell aunt polly

Proofread this excerpt from a review of the film tangled. what type of errors does it contain? walt disney studios is back with another delightful film sure to entertain children and adults alike, hat’s off to the writer and director of this charming little endeavor. they have effectively managed to breathe new life into an old classic: by giving rapunzel's tale a fresh twist, instead of the meek and rapunzel of the original disney story; this retelling gives us a spunky and assertive heroine ready to take command of her own life. a. mixed-up tenses b. incorrect verb usage c. spelling errors d. punctuation errors

Could someone me with this question?