This excerpt from william wordsworth i wandered lonely as a cloud uses ? ?

The answer is option D.

Explanation:

In the given excerpt, we see the phrase "the waves beside them danced" is an example of PERSONIFICATION.

Personification is the figure of speech by which human qualities and abilities are attributed to inanimate things. In this case, the waves seem to have the capacity to dance.  

William Wordsworth uses many figures of speech in "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud",  for example, "as a cloud" is an instance of simile.

the answer should be b.

explanation:

it should be b because she researched before writing so it would be in past tense. "the author researches her subject before she had written the first draft.