Once a topic is approved, the research student's next step is a. writing a thesis statement that tells the reader how the paper will focus. b. creating a question that focuses the process. c. searching for an appropriate collection of source materials. d. taking notes to be used in the paper.

B. creating a question that focuses the process.

Explanation:

Once a topic is approved for research, the next step would be to write a question that focuses the process. A topic is generally too open and unspecific to allow us to write a research project about it directly. Therefore, we need another strategy to narrow the topic down, and the best strategy is to create a question. This allows us to define what we want to answer, and why this is important, and enable us to create a thesis statement that is clear, focused and relevant.

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle is the lithosphere.     answer   crust and outer part of the mantle.

the best and most correct answer among the choices provided by your question is the second choice.

the sentences  articulate the philosophical concept of altruism.

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