In your own words summarize the butterfly effect from a scientific perspective.

The author attributes papa's unforgivable behavior to which of the following? a. the painful memories connected with his 9-month ordeal in south dakota b. papa's increasing addiction to alcohol c. papa's unfulfilled need to be in charge of something and/or someone d. mama's emotional distance from papa

How can rereading a passage to clarify the meaning of a later one?

Is the sentence “ironically, although approximately seventy-one percent of the earth is covered by water, thirty-three percent of its land area is desert.” a phrase or a clause?