Anyone here middl eastern, european? turkish anything?

What was istanbul called before he ottomans conquered the city in the 15th century

Anight-club bouncer, now a top official,put coke or pepsi in it; first three initial. combine all lakes; but i still have more,of all the places; i have the largest shore.what am i? ?

What could the united states of america do to improve their status? name at least 3(ap human geography)