What process in earth's interior causes subduction and seafloor spreading

also srry if it is not in the correct subject!

Which barrier to economic development is shown in the following examples? i. the high rate of hiv infection in underdeveloped nations ii. the use of children as soldiers in uganda’s army in the early 2000s iii. low literacy rates in underdeveloped nations with limited exposure to adequate education a. foreign debt b. political instability c. widespread disease d. low levels of social welfare