What causes diffrent "phases" that we view with the moon?

How would i answer this for an exam?

Why have the countries of the region had difficulty establishing democratic governments in recent years? choose all answers that are correct b is also correct i need to know if theres any morecommunists have overtaken the countries of the caucasus region. the soviets established national borders in the region without considering the location of ethnic groups. fighting continues between armenia and azerbaijan over the nagorno-karabakh region. civil war between communists and islamic groups in tajikistan resulted in thousands of deaths and refugees are forced to flee. in a test!

Which of the following mountain ranges is home to the largest mountain peak in europe? a. the carpathian mountains b. the caucasus mountains c. the balkan mountains d. the ural mountains select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d