The discoveries of astronomers like copernicus and galileo established what?

Galileo first discovered that the Moon had mountains just like Earth. He also discovered 4 of Jupiter's moons. ... Galileo felt that an astronomer named Copernicus had a better idea. Copernicus believed the Earth and other planets moved around the Sun.

a mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. this uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary.a geomagnetic reversal is a change in a planet's magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged.