1.) fog forms along california’s coast because:

(a)warm air masses move from inland towards cold coastal waters, reaching their dew point.

(b) water evaporated from the ocean surface is trapped at low elevations by coastal topography.

(c) cold coastal waters bring the marine layer down to its dew point.

(d) lapses in coastal upwelling interrupt the conveyor that normally moves moist air away from the coast.

(e) none of the above

2.) which of the following statements is true?

a. both temperatures and precipitation are expected to rise in the future in california.

b. temperatures are expected to rise, while precipitation is expected to decline in the future in california.

c. precipitation futures are uncertain for california, but increasing evapotranspiration is expected to reduce water availability regardless.

d. precipitation futures are uncertain for california, but earlier spring plant dieback is expected to increase water availability in grassland and woodland areas.

3.) which of the following statements is false?

a. rainfall generally increases both east to west and south to north in california.

b. rainfall peaks at the highest elevations in n-s tending mountain ranges in california.

c. both the el nino southern oscillation and the pacific decadal oscillation contribute to interannual rainfall variability on california’s coast.

d. orographic effects produce rain shadows on the east slopes of mountains in california.

e. none of the above

4. which of the following statements is false?

a. potential evapotranspiration always exceeds actual evapotranspiration.

b. actual evapotranspiration cannot exceed precipitation.

c. the difference between potential and actual evapotranspiration is termed the deficit.

d. the largest deficits tend to occur in the areas with lowest precipitation.

e. precipitation can exceed potential evapotranspiration.