Rain clouds moving from west to east are blocked by a mountain range and cause rain only on the western side. this makes the climate on the western side rainy and the eastern side dry. which of these earth systems interact to produce this difference in climate?

This is called as Orographic rainfall

Explanation:

The atmosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere.

Explanation:

The earth system is made up of different interacting parts which makes our blue planet unique. The contributing parts are:

From the problem stated, the type of rainfall we have here is called the orographic rainfall which results from the leeward side being dry and the windward side wet on a mountain.

In order for this to occur, the hydrosphere which is the sphere of all the water on earth must interact with the atmosphere and geosphere.

The mountain is a part of the geosphere which is the solid and rocky portion of the earth.

The atmosphere is the source of the wind which tends to contain the rain clouds.  Atmosphere is the gaseous portion of the earth.

These parts interacts dynamically to furnish an orographic rainfall as described.