What evidence do geologists study to understand the relative size, severity, or frequency in time of past volcanic eruptions (and other geologic hazards)? hint: consider the data shown on our geologic map of past lahars around mt and the data on past eruptions at yellowstone.: -) these findings enable us to estimate the risk of living or building in a particular area. select one: a. the relative extent of volcanic deposits b. the relative age of volcanic deposits c. the relative thickness of volcanic deposits d. all of these what process provides the source or generates the thermal heat that leads to hotspots and melts the earth's crust? hint: this is a review of he#1 & he# 2 consider the definition of a hotspot. it is widely believed that hotspots form where the inner core makes contact with the mantle or lowermost asthenosphere. select one: a. conduction in the lithosphere b. radioactivity in the core c. radiation from the sun d. convection in the asthenosphere extra credit question: deformation (e. g., rock fracturing, bulging, collapse) of the earth's crust happens above a buried magma chamber due to lava filling and emptying the magma chamber volcanos, fissures, craters, and calderas are all landforms that result from surface deformation. when the magma chamber beneath a volcano fills up, it expands like a balloon and pushes up on the ground surface. in response, the ground over the magma chamber stretches (again just like the rubber of a balloon! ) and develops cracks. imagine dipping a balloon in pancake batter prior to inflating would cracks develop in the batter, or would it clump up and get closer together? imagine two people are standing facing one another, and then a wide, broad crack in the earth's surface grows between them. imagine that crack is just like the crack shown by kyle at 15 minutes in the video on kilauea. may 17 would the two people standing on either side of this crack move closer together or further apart? hint: draw a picture to you visualize this situation! select one: a. neither, so the amount of crustal deformation is negligible b. further apart, so the deformation is due to extension of the crust. c. closer together, so the deformation is due to compression of the crust the level of lava in the lava lake at the top of kilauea reflects: hint: kyle discusses changes to the level of lava in the halema'uma'u several times in the video. it is a theme of the talk, and he discusses the cause. select one: a. that the pressure in the mantle plumbing beneath halema'uma'u is changing b. that lava tubes are transporting varying amounts of flow to kapoho bay c. that eruptions at pu'u 'o'o are actively changing in time d. that fissures in leilani estates are actively changing in time e. that the pressure and amount of magma in halema'uma'u magma chamber is changing