What is the surface layer of the earth on which vegetation grows

Does anyone know the answers for these

England is a small country. why is english spoken in so many places worldwide? a. england colonized many places throughout the globe. b. the english language is the easiest language to learn. c. england is located near the prime meridian, making it a popular tourist destination. d. because england is an island nation, it has had many visitors.

Which revelation resulted from the observation of the spectrum of different galaxies? a. there were more galaxies whose spectrum was blueshifted b. there were no galaxies whose spectrum was redshifted c. there were more galaxies whose spectrum was redshifted d. there were no galaxies whose spectrum was blueshifted