Problem 1. the cape is the integral of buoyancy from the lfc to the lnb. on a given day, the cape is 1300 jkg1. a) what is the maximum updraft speed that an adiabatic parcel may reach on this day? b) does entrainment act to increase or reduce the speed of updrafts? why? suppose that a cloud is able to convert 1/5 of its cape into kinetic energy within updrafts. calculate the maximum velocity of the cloud updraft. d) assuming that the mean velocity of the updraft is half of its maximum value, estimate the time it takes for the cloud to rise from the top of the boundary layer to the tropopause. you may assume that the boundary layer is 1 km thick, and the tropopause is at 12 km.