Cohort studies are to risk ratio as

a) hippocrates is to scrotal cancer

b)genetics is to environment

c) case-control study is to odds ratio

d) sir percival pott os to dr. john snow

e) dr. john snow is to john snow king of the north

c) case-control study is to odds ratio

Explanation:

The odds ratio (OR) was calculated in the association analysis, which is not necessarily the best option. The problem is that, when the frequency of the outcome is high, this estimator tends to show results away from the null hypothesis (estimator equal to one) compared to what is obtained when calculating a risk or incidence ratio (RR) in studies cohort.

Odds Ratio (OR) is a measure of effect commonly used to communicate the results of a health research. Mathematically, an OR corresponds to a quotient between two odds, an odds being an alternative way of expressing the possibility of an event of interest or presence of an exposure. From a methodological point of view, ORs can be calculated in prospective, retrospective and cross-sectional designs, and under certain conditions they can replace Relative Risk. Based on a series of questions and examples, this article explains the mathematical and methodological foundations underlying the concept of OR, in order to facilitate its interpretation to clinicians and researchers.