Why are there successive layers of frozen ice in the middle of this band? a. cryo-volcanic activity nearby resurfaced the gap over time from multiple eruptions. b. impacts from asteroids caused the surface to crack multiple times from shock waves propogating through the icy surface crust. c. numerous collisions between the two ice sheets caused the surface to fracture and split in multiple locations over time. d. bending in the fault allowed the surface to be pulled apart, which created openings that allowed warmer, softer ice from below europa's brittle ice shell surface, or frozen water from a possible subsurface ocean, to reach the surface. this softer ice then solidified and over time, multiple layers formed the structure seen today.