How do particles move in the ground when an earthquake occurs

Explanation:

During an earthquake, particles in the ground can move back and forth or up and down. Particles can also move in an elliptical motion parallel to the direction the seismic wave travels. Scientists use wave motion, wave speed, and the type of material the wave travels through to classify seismic waves.

answer; i believe that the correct answer is (the explosion of a nearby star(supernova);

true. earthquakes are felt whenever there is a slip around a fault in the rocks below the earth. this reorientation of faults create sesmic waves and is known as earthquake, the severity of which is measured in richter scale. these are more prominent in hilly regions as the rocks usually form faults to balance the pressures on it.