Identify three ways boundaries are created and provide a specific example of each one.

Boundaries are created through natural geography, geometry, and conflict. Geographic boundaries include mountain ranges and rivers. For example, the Pyrenees Mountain Range forms a natural border between France and Spain. Geometrical boundaries are created through lines of longitude and latitude and are defined on maps. For example, the 49th Parallel, a line of latitude, is the agreed boundary between the US and Canada and one of the longest “straight-line” borders in the world. Boundaries defined by conflicts, such as wars or political conflicts, are often vague and unstable. These conflicts may center on access to a major water source, as in the boundary conflict between Israel and Egypt, or they may evolve from a more “agreeable” political move, such as the annexation of Texas to the United States.

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