Why do tubeworms and hundreds of other species thrive near hydrothermal vents?

Chemicals from the vents feed bacteria which, in turn, produce sugar and other food for organisms.

Chemicals from the vents kill off bacteria, making the entire food supply available for other organisms.

Supercooled water released by the vents kills off all disease.

Very hot water released by the vents keeps organisms warm.

Chemicals from the vents feed bacteria which, in turn, produce sugar and other food for organisms.

Explanation:

"Hydrothermal vents" are cracks or opening in the seafloor. From here, geothermally heated water goes out. These vents allow another way for marine animals to thrive in comparison to the photosynthesis.

Bacteria found in the vent contain no chlorophyll. Instead of using energy from the sunlight, the bacteria uses "hydrogen sulfide" that comes from the vent. Although this chemical is toxic for common animals, it is essential for the bacteria in the hydrothermal vents. It allows them to process their food in order to produce sugar. This process is known as "chemosynthesis."