The formation of magma within earth is not caused by

loss of volatiles to the atmosphere

Explanation:

volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds with low boiling points that are associated with a planet's or moon's crust or atmosphere. Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, etc.

Volatiles were accreted throughout the Earth’s formation, but Earth’s early accretion history was volatile poor.

the proximity of water was an advantage to western europe and its culture was able to flourish as a result. trade and travel by sea were easier and safer in historical times.

1. there are no mountains to protect it from the sea

2. and its has wet cool summers and wet, mild winters.