What are solutions to the environmental concerns in Africa

What are the answers for the following questions?

When volcanoes erupt, magma (hot, molten rock) rises toward the surface of the earth. as magma cools, solid rock forms. this rock contains substances from the interior of the earth. which of the following natural resources is likely to be plentiful near subduction zones where volcanic activity has occurred in the past?

How are the arctic and antarctic circles alike?