1. Explaining Explain the significance of Balkanization and ethnic
cleansing

Explanation:

Balkanization is the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or uncooperative with one another.

Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial or religious groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, often with the intent of making it ethnically homogeneous.