Scientist have been able to evaluate changes in ocean temperature profiles over more than 100 years by comparing modern instrument float records to data obtained during the:

HMS expedition challenger

Explanation:

The HMS expedition challenger was involved in ocean researches by scientists around 1870s. The research lasted about 1,000 days and the area covered was around 68,000 nautical miles. This research helped to shed more light on the activities going on in the marine environment.

Scientist evaluate changes in ocean temperature profiles over more than 100 years by comparing modern instrument float records to data obtained during the results gotten from the HMS expedition challenger.

the rub-al-khali is also known as the arabian desert and the "empty quarter"