How can the expectations of the participants bias the results of an experiment? How can the expectations of the experimenter bias the results?

d.) greenhouse gases

this is a good question! i'll do some research and come back when i have the answer!

radiative zone

explanation    

radiative zone is the layer of the sun which energy is transferred away from the core by radiation. although, the core is the only part of the sun that produces an appreciable amount of heat through fusion. in fact, 99% of the energy produced by the sun takes place within 24% of the sun's radius.