Earthquakes that cause severe damage are likely to have what characteristics?

A shallow focus.

Explanation:

What is shallow focus earthquake?

SHALLOW FOCUS earthquakes are commonly occurring “crustal” earthquakes, caused by faults and movements of the continental plates. These are earthquakes with their focus nearer the surface of the earth. Shallow focus earthquakes are usually of large spread, causing greater damage at the surface or the earth's crust.

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the answer is b. apsidal precession