Which type of soil can retain the greatest amount of water- high porosity, low porosity, low permeability or high permeability

The answer is: HIGH POROSITY.

(although low permeability can be associated with greater water retention. Permeability can be affected by particular size.  For instance, larger particular have larger poles, so fluid (water) can pass through water quickly (higher permeability and less water retention).  As such, smaller particles have smaller pores, so fluid (water) can pass through water LESS quickly (lower permeability and RETAINING MORE WATER.).

However, "high porosity" is the best choice.

They immigrated for religious freedom

Humid continental climate is found in the interior of continents between the 30 and 60 degrees latitude, but usually above the 40 degree line.   40 degrees north of the equator means less direct sunlight and therefore less warmth.   this climate is mainly found in the northern hemisphere since there are no major landmasses in the southern hemisphere.  if you live in northern indiana, you know all about humid continental because that is the climate type you have!