What is a market and a place where people meet and debate?

I believe the term you are looking for is called an agora.

Agora.

Explanation:

Agora was a public space in the center of ancient Greek cities to accommodate the polis or the city dwellers, and its literal meaning is a place of gathering and thus was a center of an athletic, the artistic, the spiritual and political life in the city. Later known as a  political and a commercial space.

Answerhave flowing water either episodically or during only a portion of the year;