The lack of formal states in africa made gaining cooperation with local officials more difficult. for this reason, belgium and france established a. commonwealths b. systems of direct rule c. dependencies d. systems of indirect rule

ik its not d

I believe it's B. systems of direct rule

The answer is B. Systems of direct rule :)

It is the doctrine that the us had the right and duty to expand throughout north america. it just means they believed they had the right to expand westward and they did! they stated with the 13 colonies and then they kept moving gaining different territories throughout the years

Answeris associated with sunny,dry weather;