Identify the processes used in open cast ​mining

There is generally four main operations in a mine that contribute to this load: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling. Waste rock is hauled to a waste dump. Waste dumps can be piled at the surface of the active pit, or in previously mined pits.

a. european colonies

reflecting point a across the origin negates both of its coordinates.

b = (5, -4)