Environmental geography bridges and geography

This paper provides a clinical analysis of some existing and potential linkages and gaps between physical and environmental geography as currently experienced and represented among the French community of physical geographers. Following a rapid evocation of some relevant historical facts, a first view is expressed that considers environmental geography as a natural downstream extension of physical geography, within a fruitful continuum from basic to applied research (with significant results in fields such as local climatology and process geomorphology). Another viewpoint considers physical geography and environmental geography as enemy sisters, based on a Manichean view opposing a “hard” physical geography to a “soft” environmental geography, each with contrasting conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches. Lastly, a number of recent initiatives within the French community of geographers interestingly use environmentally connoted “objects” to try and reconnect the communities of human and physical geographers. The recognition of the hybrid nature of geography and the development of an inclusive “environmental geography” might be a way—among others—to rebuild French geography as a whole and to overcome collectively the nature/culture dichotomy.

chinese civil war took place over a long period of time between 1927 and 1950. the war was interrupted when japan invaded china in 1936 and by world war ii. the war was fought between the nationalist government of china, also called the kuomintang (kmt), and the communist party of china (cpc).