What is the temperature of the sun

Why don't all places on earth receive the same amount of direct sunlight at the same place?

Which evidence is most likely used to indicate the beginning of solar system formation? a. materials combined to form a mass. b. materials were pulled together by gravity. c. water condensed and collected to form oceans. d. different species of microorganisms lived on earth.

Based on what you know about the location of the earth in relation to the sun, why is this called the goldilocks zone in other galaxies?