Distinguish between folding and faulting ?

Folding

Folding is caused due to horizontal movements. Forces move towards a common centre. Due to compression, different types of folds are formed. It leads to the formation of anticlines and synclines. They are generally common in sedimentary rocks, e.g., the Himalayas and the Alps.

Faulting

it is caused generally due to vertical movements.
Forces move away from the common centre. Due to tension, faults occur along which displacement of rocks take place. It leads to the formation of Block Mountains and Rift valleys, due to upliftment and subsidence of land. They are generally common in Igneous or Metamorphic rocks, e.g., Vosges and Black forest are Block Mountains and the river Rhine flows through the rift valley. In India, river Narmada and Tapi flow through a rift valley.

Answer (d) may increase or decrease porosity through dissolution or deposition;

Your answer is d. silli hope this ! : ) i left an explanation down below if you need it: a sill forms when hot magma squeezes between layers of rock to form a hardened sheet of rock. a sill is basically a tabular sheet intrusion between old layers of sedimentary rock, volcanic beds, or in the direction of foliation inherent in metamorphic rock. the word sill means a concordant intrusive sheet.